Beyond the Protocols: A Technical Guide to Mastering IQ/OQ/PQ for Pharma Water Systems
In pharmaceutical manufacturing, water is the most critical utility, serving as a raw material, cleaning agent, and formulation medium. To meet USP, USFDA, and WHO standards, every Purified Water (PW) and Water for Injection (WFI) system must undergo a rigorous three-stage validation. I. The Validation Framework: IQ, OQ, and PQ II. Troubleshooting the “PQ Minefield” […]
